The U.S. Capitol Building

The U.S. Capitol Building is located in Washington, D.C., at the opposite end of the National Mall. To its west are the Capitol Reflecting Pool and the Washington Monument. The building covers a ground area of 4 acres and its length of roughly 750 feet. The Capitol is a majestic building with a height of 87.8 meters (288 ft), catering to its five floors and approximately 540 rooms.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The U.S. Capitol Building specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It also has a dome with a diameter of 75 feet that has a 15 feet tall statue called the Statue of Freedom. Situated under the dome is a vast circular room, referred to as the Rotunda, which serves as a gallery for works of art of Americas’ important people and events in the country’s history. Construction of the Capitol begun in 1793 after the United States Congress passed the Residence Act which paved way for Washington D.C. t o be the permanent capital. In 1792, US Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson and President George Washington had commissioned a design competition that would award $500 and a lot in the city to anyone who would produce the most approved plan for the building. A Scottish trained physician won the competition although he had submitted a late entry. The word capitol has its roots in Latin, which means city on a hill. Throughout its 200 year history, the Capitol has housed the Senate, the House of Representatives, the Supreme Court and the Library of Congress. The Senate and the House wings were completed in the years 1800 and 1811 respectively. While still in construction, the building was partially burned by British troops in 1814 during a war that lasted till 1815. Repairs and reconstruction of the building begun in the following year and were completed four years later, under Benjamin Henry Latrobe, a British-born American architect. The building was finished in 1826 under Charles Bu lfinch, a Bostonian architect. (Reed, 45) The architecture of the building portrays Greco-Roman influence as the Capitol was meant to symbolize the idea of democracy, which is connected with Greece, and the idea of power, which is associated with the Roman Empire. The front of the Capitol is supported by six Corinthian columns, a major component of Roman architecture. Columns were originally used by the Greek but Romans adopted and modified them to commemorate their civilization and military success. A typical Roman Corinthian column is tall, straight and slim, topped with acanthus leaves and several scrolls. The scrolls were symbolic of civilization, and together with the acanthus leaves, were features cherished by Greco-Roman artists.Advertising Looking for assessment on architecture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The other entrances also used the Greek Parthenon and the Roman Pantheon for inspiration for its design. The f acades are made of marble and features figures of prominent people in the ancient world and the writings on both the eastern and western facade. Writings and sculptures were dominant features in Roman Pantheons. The dome of the Capitol also resembles the Pantheon dome. The architects of the dome, paid close attention to St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome, the Pantheon in Paris and St. Paul’s Cathedral in London. The interior of the dome, the Rotunda, features murals (artwork painted directly on walls and ceilings) done by Constantino Brumidi, a Greek/Italian American artist. The artwork illustrates historical events and people in the United States. The most outstanding artwork is The Apotheosis of Washington, which depicts Washington surrounded by 13 maidens and many Greek and Roman gods and goddesses. The relief sculptures in the Rotunda as well as the art in the Brumidi Corridors bear similarities with paintings and sculptures found in most European churches built during t he reign of the Roman Empire. The Capital also features a crypt beneath the Rotunda. The crypt was originally meant to be the final resting place of the first American President, George Washington. Unlike the exterior of the building, the columns in the crypt are Doric, the original Greek design. Crypts were dominant in ancient Greece and later adopted by Romans to be used as a chapel or burial vault. The purpose of building the US Capitol crypt clearly illustrates that the architects relied a lot on Greek-Roman architecture. Furthermore, the statue on the dome (Statue of Freedom) is a female figure wearing robes holding a wreath of victory on one hand and resting her hand on a sheathed sword with her right hand. The Statue of Freedom thus bears similarity with the Justitia, the Roman goddess of justice who symbolized the fair and equal administration of law. (Silate 56) The Capitol continues to serve its purpose as the symbol of freedom and democracy whereby every four years, a pre sident is inaugurated at the grounds of the Capitol. It also hosts other major events such as the National Memorial Day concert and Independence Day celebrations. It still serves as the meeting point of the Senate, in the north wing, and the House of Representatives, in the south wing. The Capitol no longer serves the Supreme Court and the chamber, referred to as the Old Supreme Court, is currently used as a meeting room, law library and storage room. The Capitol receives an estimated 4-5 million visitors from around the world per year. A Visitor Center has been set up in the underground of the east side of the complex to serve as a gathering point for tourists. The Capitol strives to preserve American history while at the same time aiming to meet modern standards. It truly is the home of American democracy.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The U.S. Capitol Building specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cit ed Reed, Henry H. The United States Capitol: its architecture and decoration. New York, NY: Norton, 2005. Print Silate, Jennifer. The United States Capitol. New York, NY: PowerKids Press, 2006. Print This assessment on The U.S. Capitol Building was written and submitted by user Omari Tucker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay on The ethicsEssay Writing Service

Essay on The ethicsEssay Writing Service Essay on The ethics Essay on The ethicsA person must say the truth, affirms ethics. There is a slight objection: a person also has other obligations. The situations when obligations are conflicting occur quite often in the life. In this case, the realization of two duties is impossible at the same time. Considering similar situations concerning lie, some philosophers think that a person can tell lies in definite situations, while the others say that it is absolutely unacceptable.When a person foreknows that his lie will lead to unfavorable consequences, he can think that it will save him. He regards lie as a way to happiness because it will save him from punishment or atonement. Such a lie is unjustified from the point of view of ethics.Kant affirms that the duty of telling the truth is an absolute obligation in any circumstances. Thus, I. Kant considers that a person has no right to lie. I can hardly agree with his position. Sure, a person should tell the truth but there are cases when voicing of the t ruth can lead to the divulgence of worthwhile secret (state or commercial one). In the example, given by I. Kant, a malefactor is chasing a person. Thismanishidinginhisfriend’shouse. According to I. Kant, theowner of the house is obliged to give up his friend, when the malefactor demands if the man is in the house.Deontological theory (a part of ethics that considers human’s duty as an intern compulsion) examines duty from the point of view of moral rights and justice. The positive aspect of deontological theory is, according to I. Kant, considering moral actions as reasonable ones. Thus, moral actions should be regarded as logical, universal and independent of consequences. In such a way, an action is right only if a person wants that all people do the same in a similar situation. But person’s actions are conditioned with various circumstances, so it can be considered as a negative aspect.

Five Guys Burger Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Five Guys Burger - Essay Example This has helped the food chain beat other fast food cafes to become one of the leading cafes in USA. Five Guys Burger is guided by the philosophy that if someone is going to sell burgers and fries in a restaurant in an industry crowded with fast food chains selling burgers and fries, then they better do the products better than anyone else (Kurtz, 2012). They believed that they were in the business to sell burgers and the customers were the most important part of the business.They believed that the customers were favoring them by giving the five guys an opportunity to serve them. This helped the owners develop over 250,000 ways of ordering burger in order to reach the maximum number of customers. The chain produces burgers from freshly ground beef, which is never frozen. They also filled their menu with fat-free products, which have attracted preference from several customers. The original aim of the food chain was to provide healthy burgers and fries to customers, which would also b e ordered easily. The entrepreneurs introduced ingredients that were fat free and used meat that was not frozen (Longenecker, 2012). This created the need for fresh food that drew several customers. The food chain also targeted customers from all age groups. They introduced food that caters for the taste and preference of every person, including vegetarians. Serving customers was also part of their core values and they introduced thousands of ways of ordering burgers and fries. Customers receive unlimited free refills of their drinks and are served with peanuts as they wait for their orders to be processed (Motz, 2008). These aspects have made Five Guys Burgers a preferred source of fast food compared to other restaurants. Their burgers are larger than those of competitors and they have introduced naked pizza that is prepared locally. Food products such as burger buns are prepared at the stores from scratch to ensure freshness. Freshness is a major factor that has led to success for Five Guys Burgers. The food chain utilizes natural ingredients to prepare the burgers and fries. Potatoes are peeled in the stores and buns are prepared by the chefs from scratch (Rust and Raffetto, 2010). They utilized whole grain crusts, hormone-free meat, and fresh vegetables to prepare their food. Customer service has also contributed to success for the Five Guys Burger. The owners have developed applications for their phones that enable them to access customer invoices at any time and from any place. Technology has introduced several ways of ordering burgers and fries from the food chain at any location. Customers receive refills and peanuts as tokens as they wait for their orders, a move that has established the food chain as the most favorite among other restaurants. The activities of Five Guys and other local fast food restaurants have made competitors such as KFC and Mc Donald lose part of their market share. Five Guys and other locally established burger places give custo mers a better value for money, which has increased pressure on global competitors. Five Guys restrains from using frozen and dehydrated products for customers in order to set its taste apart from competitors. A business organization has to set itselfapart from competitors in order to gain a competitive advantage. Five Guys consider the customer to be the best sales man, a strategy that is not incorporated in other restaurants

EFFECTS OF WORKING MEMORY DEMAND ON PERFORMANCE AND MENTAL STRESS Essay

EFFECTS OF WORKING MEMORY DEMAND ON PERFORMANCE AND MENTAL STRESS DURING THE STROOP TASK - Essay Example Mental stress results from the lack of balance between external requirements, and the ability of the individual to accomplish them. Mentally or emotionally related stress influences the daily life of a human being, and his or her performance. If one becomes exposed to extreme mental stress, it affects the nervous system, and can affect their performance severely. Most of the stressors associated with human computer interaction occur as a result of massive workloads, a lot of work pressure, job control tasks that are not efficient, and which are also monotonous, poor relationships between supervisors and the supervised. It is suggestive of the demand/control model of work strain, that little control and low social supports happen to be demanding. Working in shifts, factors that are human related and ergonomics have an association with mental stress. A dependable amount of evidence shows that heart diseases have links with extreme work demand. Therefore, evaluating the rate of heart ac tivity can help in gauging occupational risks. This studys purpose is to measure mental stress and monitor the heart rate variability during the low and high working memory (WM), needs affected by Stroop interference. The other aim is to measure the performance and time taken to respond during the Stroop task and to study their drift during high and low working memory demands. The third aim is to foresee the affiliation between mental stress and functioning. In carrying out the study, the rate of the heart should be recorded during both rest period, and also during the performance of a Stroop task. Both the high and low working memories are acquired by raising the amount of Stroop interference. The time taken to respond and the performance are computed for every hard stage of the Stroop task. This should be computed during the high and low working memory demand. Stress that is as a result of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) has links to the increased danger of

Global Crimes Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Crimes Analysis - Research Paper Example As a result, there is comparison and contrast of the various international criminal justice systems especially on addressing the major global crimes and criminal issues. Addressing some major global crimes Gangs provide significant contribution to crime activities such as firearms transactions and violence, drug sales and use, home invasions, car theft, homicide, graffiti, and other related major crimes in the world (Muraskin & Roberts, 2009). To address these issues, Muraskin and Roberts exemplified four generic programs such as prevention, intervention, suppression, and comprehensive strategies. In the US and even the world, punishments integrated with the justice systems are the usual way on how society addressed global crimes (Muraskin & Roberts, 2009). Furthermore, according to Muraskin and Roberts, in the US justice system so as to address major crimes especially those associated with terroristic acts, policy to address them requires sophistication and resources. This means, th e US has to advance further especially within its justice system when it comes to addressing global crimes. In the case of US’s war on drugs, which has become global, some advocates believe that there is a need for policy improvement and development in the justice system (Waller, 2009). For instance, based on Waller’s book, since the number of incarcerated law offenders is in an upward spiral in the US, taking for instance the figure from 1980 to 2001 which is 1,300 percent, it has become one of the bases for legalization of possession or sale of marijuana, cocaine and opium. According to some experts as pointed out from the book of Waller, this should be a remarkable indication that the US justice system has eventually failed on its war on drugs, which at some point have resulted to social consequences. At this point, Waller presents some significant facts that it is important to understand that the only means US could promote effective implementation of its policy as sociated with its war on drugs is to encourage the entire world to have its stand to fight on illegal possession and use of prohibited drugs. However, it is not only on fight against drugs is active in its participation. In fact, the fight against terrorism is not just a main concern of the US and the essential proof of this is the emancipation of international standards in the detaining of suspects in the said country (Hakimi, 2009). On the other hand, European governments are against transnational organized crime particularly on smuggling of migrants, trafficking in persons, and trafficking of firearms, which eventually lead to anti-political campaign for anti-trafficking interventions (Anderson & Andrijasevic, 2008). Although economic incentives are of primary importance in the organization of organized crime, non-economic nature associated with it such as cultural, social, and political issues are also remarkable prior to understanding and policing it (Arsovska & Kostakos, 2008) . There are many reasons why modern form of human slave in a form of sex trafficking and slave labor continue to persist today and these include debt as tool of manipulation, fraudulent practices which associate middle-men brokering across international boundaries, weak laws and weak enforcement of them, sponsorship laws in Persian Gulf States, lack of understanding of human

Reebok Company Introduction

Reebok Company Introduction REEBOK was founded in 1890 and its U.K based company and it was founded JOSEPH WILLIAM FOSTER, it started to make the running shoes and it was started as family business and then 1958 it came to U.S and today it is running successful throughout the world and making the shoes ad mostly now it enter in the sport area and most of the sport man wear this shoes especially most of cricket player use their shoes especially most of cricket player use their shoes and their shoes are open every where in world and its international brand and in 1981 REEBOK is $1.5 million and the next increase dramatic and it available near about 170 countries. REEBOK also make the shoes of NBA (National Basketball Association) and in 2022 it entered into the music industry and planning to make shoes of music industry and in 2003 it successful hited its target it started to make shoes for G-Unit Rap Star 50 Cents, because he makes his shoes like G-Unit. At present mostly it make sport shoes and it market rate I great and mostly young people and sports men wear Reebok shoes and people get best value of their money and now walking shoes is more popular and people buy because we know people do walking and exercise and they have their logo I AM WHAT I AM. And the most popular because music like JAY- Z, Daddy Yankee and 50 Cent and sport athletes Allan Iverson, Bonovan Mavabb, Cort Shilling, Icelly Holmes and through it international Value it got most popular as famous Reebok is great and worldwide brand and people used it widely. Procedure I have chosen the following ways to collect required data for my report. 2.1 Interviews: I collect the lot information through interviews that was a small session of questions and answers. I personally went to many marketing managers of different outlet stores like addidas, puma, nike and other related people and gain more knowledge about my project. 2.2 Surveys: I did many surveys for collecting required data related to my project. In surveys I met many group of persons and they provide enough amount of information. 2.3 Observations: I involved many observations and learned more about my project. Observations provide me insight about specific people or events which is useful for my project. Findings Business Demographics Demographics are very important aspect of sports planning in matching the sports with the market. Advertisers often define their target market in terms of demographics. Each demographic category is broken down by the various research companies according to its characteristics. There are many networks for effective communication: Reebok is using star topology for effective communication where every computer is connected to one server. They are sharing a same network for effective communication. By using this technology, they can send Emails, faxes; files etc, Apart from this they can make calls as well to other person. It is very effective and reliable service to use. They can also do video conferencing with their clients and their own departments. Organizational goals They are using advance technology to achieve their set goals and to gain the customers satisfaction. They also know that what the customer need and how to give the customer what they want. It means that Organization seeks to achieve by its existence and operation. Goals are predetermined and describe future results toward which present efforts are directed. Their few important goals are explained below: 3.2.1 Official Goal: Their purpose is to give the organization a favourable public image, provide legitimacy, and justify its activities. 3.2.2 Operative Goal is to reflect the actual intention of an organization. They describe the concrete steps to be taken to achieve the organizations purpose. 3.2.3 Connection: One of the goals is make genuine connection with customers and give them best and comfortable service. 3.2.4 Physical and financial resources: Renovating and maintaining equipment is important in the long run for an organization. Increasing cash flow is often important for new ventures. 3.2.5 Profitability: This is usually expressed as a percentage and should always be positive. Organizational culture and ethics: Reebok have their stores in different countries and in different region they have got daily so many people to commutate with them and they have trained staff to talkie with them. Because they did not want any language barrier in the sales Reebok have their regular customer which is buy their things from the reebok store and they have lot of trust on brand and quality and they buy there thing with any words If we talk about the how the managed the communication they have there trained staff like one store in south Africa and any person come to buy it they will talk with them in African language and try to improve their sales make the costumer happy and if on some store any English man come and they have the staff who can speak English and deal with costumer. Reebok itself have the great culture it is one of the great brand of the world .it back ground from the English country but now it is in every country of the world and look forward it expand its business that they can create their name on worldwide. In whole word they also deal with costumer very greatly with any communication barrier and give them best deals as it can possible .they have a net work through which they communicate with their own and try to solve the problem of the people .because the have there own factories and through this they gain the trust of the people and they have some costumer which have blind trust upon their product and they will buy only the REEBOK product this show how much trustful ground Reebok have and how people are coming to buy it is people are crazy for their brand and push them to make new product and REEBOK also try to make their costumer happy and give them best deals MANAGEMENT OF KNOWLEDGE RESOURCES: it mean the practices and experiences which they have done in the organization and most important thing is they give the training and give them regular experiences because they promote their works from one post to another and give them chances to learn the new thing and they did not put the pressure on the worker. That he or she not able to show their skills and at different level they will gain the experiences from there senior which help them a lot . We can follow step which ensure the communication of the knowledge to each individual. There following steps. 1 gathering of the data- main function is the gathering the data from various resources. This can be gathered from the records of the industry or the company or from the survey. 2 organizing after that we have to arrange the data in the proper form. So that each individual who access the data can do easily. There are many ways to do that cataloging, indexing, and linking the systems in the organizations. 3 refining after that a organization have to refine the data and update the data, with in a specific time frame. To remove all the faults and vagueness from the data. Mining, projecting are some of the ways to do that. 4 disseminating- after the database has been prepare it has to share throughout the organization. It can be follow from top to bottom or reverse of that. Induction program, training are main ways. GROUP DYNAMICS: Group dynamics is relevantly new studies in the field of management. The ways group interact in the organization directly affect their work. These group can be formulate from regions believe, sociology believes. T his is very important for a company to understand that why these groups formulate and how they work. By knowing that a company can encourage those people to work more affective and give better rumination. If there good communications in those groups management can take the advantage the situation and communicate to the top leader the message follow through the group with any objections. If there is any conflict between the organization and the group, these can be easily shorted out. No doubt group can be complicates as well, but if they are managed well they can be very helpful. Internal dynamics conflicts- in the group if there conflict between two group members. These conflicts can easily seen address very fast. Group leader can call them and ask them individual. Internal dynamic, and make a sure that group must work by helping each other. External dynamics conflicts- problem with the organization and some problem with top level management problem with is the groups and not looking work properly and did not have a idea what to do with is the organization. Meeting management Meeting management can be little complex some for a normal employee. A proper structure and method all ways help employee to approach the management. There should be popper level of communication and it must be in popper flow from top to bottom. It must be in popper channel goes to each and every one. It can be done written from or verbal from it must go in different levels and till reaching the bottom level it must remain same it would not be change and it must be clear that each and every can understand easily. If employee wants to meet his manager he must tell his supervisor and then he can meet. If supervisor did not listen the them then they can go directly go to manger and meet. There should be management by walking around because if anybody have problem they can directly tell the manager. By regular meeting can improve the better level of communication and improve the skills of the organization and every remain touch with each other and can improve organization with meeting we can make control on the organization. meeting also solve the conflicts and problem which may cause by the miss understanding within each other meeting help a lot to solve this type of problem. Meeting are great way to solve all the problem. Meeting must be done at regular and in effect way. in meeting every one person should be present there and take full part in meeting and make use of it . STAKEHOLDERS: Stakeholders are those people who have invested there money in the organization. These people have their trust in the management so its very important to communicate to them and tell them all the necessary things. Communication should be done in professional way, organizing the meeting. Written communication can be a long experience but which is very important to be done. Phone is another way of communication identify the all stakeholder- first before anything identify all the main stakeholder like customers, suppliers, local communities Priorities the stakeholder- we have to make sure the company invite all the main effective persons. Not only those people who can make loud demands. Identify communication requirement for each stakeholder groups- If is there any requirement by the local government and local trust should be considered PLAN AND PROBLEM: any decision taken by the trust or government should be implemented by the management and it not be only in the papers and it should me take serious and management must be make it sure and it must be done at all the levels and it must be done by every man the organization .because stake holder are the main part of the company because they have invest the money in that company. And they look for good out come of there money and company also support them. NETWORK: Networking is one of the important part of business because with networking people remain touch with each other and make good use of the business and most of business work is done by networking . Networking can be done in many in many ways like through phones and emails ,video calls, voice calls and letters and repots and so many other ways .By this way we can keep our business at high and remain touch with every one with the help of net working we take the ideas of so many people and make use for the company and look forward to grow the company. half of business is done by networking and it can be done world widely. because through video conference company manger can do the meeting he may sitting in the any part of world and make the good use of networking. This is also show that how IT is used in business and how effectively make the use IT .because with the help of IT networking business are growing day by day. Through networking we can save or time traveling cost and we can also save man power which is more important . Without networking business cannot be possible and networking is just like backbone of the business without networking we cannot able to run a smooth and effective business. so networking is most important for a business . Conclusions : In the end we can say that with help of all these things we can run business successfully and can gain the profit in the business. So that we have to look after all this things and make good use of all the things. At the end, in my report, I saves money and time using a sample strategy. I got the knowledge from various sources like interviews, surveys and personal meetings with managers of company and explained all business communication of company in my report. References: www.google.com www.wikipedia.com

Theme of Voice in Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay -- Literature Zor

Breaking Through In the novel "Their Eyes Were Watching God" written by Zora Neale Hurston, Janie the protagonist is seen by critics as having no voice. For all women silence knows no boundaries of race or culture, and Janie is no exception. Hurston characterizes Janie with the same silence that women at that time & period were forced into, (complete submission.) "Women were to be seen and not heard." Janie spends forty years of her life, learning to achieve/find, her voice against the over-ruling and dominate men in her life. But in the end Janie comes out the victor, breaking the silence. In her essay "What do Feminist Critics Want?" Gilbert states, "Like Wagner's master singers....men had the power of speech,[but]....women like Emily Dickinson, knew that they had, or were supposed to have, the graceful obligation of silence."(34) To question the male voice in "Their Eyes" is an important aspect of the genre which contributes to the story as a whole. Furthermore it is to discover the ways in which the male voice affected Janie's. Weather it be physical or mental, the reader [if reading close] can surpass Janie's verbal silence and allow just her presence to speak for her. Janie's actions are what makes her someone to pay attention to. By first understanding that Janie was silent (verbally)through most of the novel, does not mean she was not heard. Her presence demands respect and by doing so, the reader will find and appreciate Janie as a whole, and not just a "Black Woman" whose voice had been hindered by societies bias. Mary Helen Washington states in her critical essay on Their Eyes, "Ourattentiveness to the possibility that women are excluded categorically from the language of the dominant discourse should h... ...-defense, and from the voice she expresses in defending her life from Tea Cake. Hurston shows that her characters' voices have been influenced by people's subjection to a dominant authority. Hurston indicates that voice may be personal and yet move into the universal. At the end of the novel, Janie's voice is heard and recognized by Pheoby, who will share it with the community later. Finally there is a unity within Janie that allows her to share her self with others. Janie has found her voice, and she can choose when and how to express it when defining who she is. Works Cited Gilbert, Sandra M. "What Do Feminist Critics Want? A Postcard from the volcano." ADE Bulletin 66 (1980).Rpt. Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God. New York: Harper, 1998. Wall, Cheryl A. Their Eyes Were Watching God: A Casebook. New York: Oxford, 2000.

Product & Company Overview: Nestle Essay

Nescafe is a brand of instant coffee made by Nestle. The name is a combination of the words â€Å"Nestle† and â€Å"cafe†, in which â€Å"Nes-† means magic and â€Å"-cafe† means coffee. Nestle’s flagship powdered coffee product was introduced in Switzerland on April 1, 1938 after being developed for 7-8 years by Max Rudolf Morgenthaler, a Swiss food chemist considered to be inventor of Nescafe. Nescafe’s roots can be traced back to the 1930s. In the United States, the Nescafe name was used on its products until the 1960s. Later, Nestle introduced a new brand in the US called â€Å"Taster’s Choice†, which supplanted Nescafe for many years. Taster’s Choice was also introduced into Canada at the same time, and continues to be sold as a separate product, branded as superior to Nescafe, and is higher priced. With more than 4,600 cups consumed every second, Nestle’s Nescafe is by far the world’s leading coffee brand, and also the fourth most valuable beverage brand globally after Coca-Cola, Pepsi and Budweiser. Interbrand ranks it as the world’s top 40 brands, with an estimated value of over $10.65bn. Nescafe’s global profile has been modernized by a move into iced beverages, but its more traditional hot soluble business still has one major obstacle to overcome: the dominance of roast and ground coffees in the US and its growing popularity in other developed markets. Nestle’s attempts to compete directly with ground coffee producers proved unsatisfactory, but instead the group has established a new benchmark for premium coffees with its successful Nespresso dispensing system to build on the normal Nescafe vending machines. Nestle follows a region specific marketing strategy, housing different brands of instant coffee under the umbrella brand Nescafe. ii.Analyze the category 1.Aggregate market factors a.Market Size Coffee is worth over $100 billion worldwide. This puts coffee ahead of commodities like natural gas, gold, brent oil, sugar and corn. The term soluble coffee encompasses spray-dried powder, freeze-dried powder and liquefied forms of coffee such as liquid concentrates. All of these methods of processing involve dehydrating brewed roasted and ground coffee. The freeze-dried method produces a superior but more expensive product. The  world consumption of soluble coffee is rising relatively strongly after a number of years of stagnation, expanding from 21.4 million bags (green bean equivalent) in 1999 to 29.9 million bags in 2009. Globally Nestle and Kraft Foods account for around 75% of the world market, with Nestle alone supplying over half the world demand for instant coffee. According to the ICO (International Coffee Organization), emerging markets consumed 27.9m 60kg bags of coffee in 2012, compared with 25.4m the previous year. b.Growth The hot drinks market in Asia has traditionally been dominated by tea consumption rather than coffee. However, in recent years, the Asian coffee market has increasingly become the focus of the world coffee industry. Since 1990, Asia has experienced the most dynamic growth in coffee consumption in the world, growing by an average rate of 4% per annum, increasing to 4.9% since the year 2000. As such, the region is of increasing interest to the coffee sector, both for producers and consumers, and represents a significant potential market for the coffee industry. Coffee consumption in the region has been growing strongly over time, more than doubling from 8.4 million 60kg bags in 1990 to 19.5 million bags in 2012. This represents an average growth rate of 3.9% per annum. Furthermore, the share of East and Southeast Asia in world coffee consumption has also been increasing, accounting for 13.8% of the world total in 2012, up from 9.4% in 1990 and 10.9% in 2000. Consumption growth in many Asian countries has been driven primarily by demand for Robusta coffee, which is used in soluble coffee and ready-to-drink products such as 3-in-1 mixes (coffee with whitener and sweetener) or 4-in-1 preparations (coffee with whitener, sugar and flavourings or dietary additions). Nestle continues to lead coffee with a value share of 38% in 2013, mainly due to its long-established presence in instant coffee. Nestle’s brands including Nescafe Classic and Nescafe Sunrise enjoy huge popularity amongst consumers. The company also enjoys countrywide distribution and a widespread presence in all retail formats, including hypermarkets. Nestle also sells small single sachets of instant coffee priced at Rs 2-5, which is considered affordable. Sachets are quite popular amongst consumers in rural areas and tier three cities, as well as with consumers who only consume coffee occasionally.

Stretegic Managemeny Vodafone Essays

Stretegic Managemeny Vodafone Essays Stretegic Managemeny Vodafone Essay Stretegic Managemeny Vodafone Essay Mobile operators are gaining the first mover advantage that enables them successfully to improve top line and build customer loyalty when they create innovative and differentiated products and services and launch them quicker than other competitors.In a fierce competitive mobile telecommunications market, gaining and maintaining cost and operational efficiency relatively has a great impact on bottom line improvements. These operators can capitalize on IT capabilities to gain and maintain competitive advantages and improve both top line and bottom line to achieve their strategies and objectives. Vodafone Group is the world? s largest mobile operator to provide a total of 333 million subscribers with its products and services globally.The Group has a better understanding of the strategic values of IT as a source of competitive advantages to continuously improve both top line and bottom line in order to achieve its organizational strategies. To improve top line, Vodafone Group has continuously developed and launched new differentiated products and services beyond traditional voice and simple data services to improve customer experience and build customer loyalty while adapting the advanced technologies faster than its competitors, optimizing entire value chains and redefining industry, and focusing on the Group Technology activities.To improve bottom line, Vodafone Group has implemented its strategic initiative, „One Vodafone? program, which transforms 16 operating companies into a united operation to achieve streamlined cost effective and efficient organization. Vodafone Group has embedded IT sharing, outsourcing, and centralization and consolidation strategies in order to achieve the objectives of One Vodafone program. Radio access network are shared with Orange, IT application development and maintenance are outsourced to IBM and EDS, and supply chain management function and data centers are centralized and consolidated.Vodafone Group has developed group-wide strategy that is associated with its better understanding of the importance of the customer experience to its business success. The Group standardized on Siebel CRM platforms globally to gain a 360 degree view of customers, and measure and manage customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, revenue assurance, revenue growth and profitability. Vodafone Group have been committed to helping all employees reach their full potential through ongoing training and development while Vodafone Group has embraced diverse workforce and created a leaner and agile structure with clear accountabilities.Vodafone Group capitalizes on IT capabilities to enable all employees to have access to a Learning Academy to deliver the one-stop shop for all learning and development solutions. IT definitely plays a decisive role in Vodafone Group as a critical enabler to gain and maintain competitive advantages and to perform its business operations more efficiently and effectively. Understanding the values of IT is essential for people in Vodafone Group in order to successfully achieve organizational strategies and objectives. iii I.Introduction The mobile telecommunications industry is one of the fastest growing sectors around the globe. Mobile operators are still able to gain the first mover advantage that enables them successfully to improve top line and build customer loyalty when they create innovative and differentiate d products and services and launch them quicker than other competitors. In a fierce competitive mobile telecommunications market, gaining and maintaining cost and operational efficiency relatively has a great impact on bottom line improvements.These operators can capitalize on IT capabilities to gain and maintain competitive advantages and improve both top line and bottom line in order to achieve their strategies and objectives. Vodafone Group Plc, which was established in 1982, is the world? s largest mobile operator that manages ultra large-scale mobile networks in 25 countries and has a presence through partnerships in another 39 countries. Based on the registered customers of mobile telecommunications ventures in which it had ownership interests at that date, the Group had 333 million customers (Vodafone, 2010).Vodafone Group is one of the most influential companies in mobile telecommunications industry and now attempting to move into the fixed voice and broadband markets. The o perator has a better understanding of the strategic values of information technology (IT) as a source of competitive advantages and has capitalized on IT capabilities to expand its marketplace more globally, and create and launch innovative and differentiated products and services like Vodafone 360 and Cloud Services more rapidly than other mobile operators in order to improve top line.Vodafone Group strategically shares with or outsources some business activities to third partied, and centralize and consolidate other activities, which each group company had previously managed in each country, to Vodafone Group, in order to significantly gain and maintain cost and operational efficiency in order to improve bottom line.IT definitely plays a decisive role in Vodafone Group. The objective of this paper is to analyze the IT management strategies, tools, initiatives and transitional planning in Vodafone Group to ensure that the operator capitalizes on IT capabilities effectively and effi ciently to achieve their organizational strategies and objectives. 1 II.Building a learning organization and a professional intellect Vodafone Group has embraced diverse workforce and offers equal opportunities for all aspects of employment and advancement, regardless of race, nationality, sex, age, marital status, disability, religious or political belief, to understand expectations of its diverse customers around the globe and have required skills and competences to create and launch the innovative and differentiated products and services that Vodafone Group meets its customers? equirements. Vodafone Group created a leaner and agile structure with clear accountabilities in 2009 to accommodate rapid growth. Three regions, including Europe, Africa and Central Europe, and Asia Pacific and Middle East, were created and each regional CEO was appointed. Along with the group-wide organizational restructuring efforts, several centralization initiatives have been accelerated, including sup ply chain, product development, IT and network programs, and terminal procurement.As the result, approximately 1,900 jobs were eliminated but the overall number of employees grew 9% because of rapid growth in emerging markers and business acquisitions. Although organizational structure has been continuously improved in response to market environmental changes, Vodafone Group has been committed to helping all employees reach their full potential through ongoing training and development. In the 2009 financial year, Vodafone provided an aggregate of 230,000 days of training, an average of three days per employee, and this training program was extended to all employees via an online interactive course that has been translated into 11 languages and rolled out to 18 countries (Vodafone, 2009, p. 18). Vodafone Group capitalizes on IT capabilities to support its one-stop shop for all learning and development solutions that enable all employees to have access to a self-service development po rtal and Learning Academy on its intranet to develop required skills and competences.The self-service portal is fully integrated for reporting and analysis purposes. Online „Source a Course? application incorporates a wide range of training options across multiple categories that all employees are able to individually select, and also provides them with opportunities to source a course if their specific training requirements are not on the system. 2 III. Taking advantage of Customer Relationship Management tools Vodafone Group has developed the group-wide strategy that is associated with its better understanding of the importance of the customer experience to its business success.Delivering value-added products and services that can meet individual customer needs and widen the scope of its relationship with its customers are essential to reshape its competitive environment. Vodafone Group has standardized on Siebel CRM platforms across three geographies to collect, analyze and share customer information across multi-channels, including customer service agents, sales and marketing teams, to gain a 360 degree view of customers, and measure and manage customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, revenue assurance, revenue growth and profitability.Employees in Vodafone Group have access to a centralized repository for customer information in the systems. Siebel CRM systems have helped Vodafone Group optimize upselling and cross-selling opportunities to grow revenues more quickly, predictably and profitably, and also significantly reduce the time to create and execute precisely targeted customer retention and acquisition while improving its ability to measure marketing return on investment.The systems also encourage Vodafone Group to improve productivity of customer care organizations by automating previous complicated workflow and reducing the time it takes to respond to answers, and Vodafone Group has gained significant cost savings. The customer experience is assessed by Vodafone Group through customer surveys, repairs and returns, mystery shops and written complaints but its challenges in existing Siebel CRM systems is to completely implement revenue assurance, churn and win-back functions from the viewpoint of a customer-centric imension. Revenue Assurance (RA) is a vital requirement in any telecommunications operators to reduce and prevent revenue leakage that is identified as a uncontrolled costs derived from network provisioning, CDR and mediation errors, billing and interconnect inconsistencies, loss of data and corrupted files, fragmented support systems, incoherent databases, and manual or ill defined business processes (TeleManagement Forum, 2009, p. 5). Donaldson and O?Toole (2007) argued that Telco may be losing 1-30% of revenues owing to leakage, and a failure to take into account the CRM dimension of RA is very costly for the firm (p. 144). RA is typically embraced in the concept of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) but the billing department in Vodafone Group has been responsible for RA activities and a customer-centric dimension to RA is missing in the CRM systems. Churn management is also another vital requirement in any operators in line with each operator? specific customer retention strategies, and promotions and campaigns. The difficulty in implementing churn management is that key performance indicators of predictive churn are little available in a relationship context and as a part of the CRM systems. Finally, win-back is the effort an organization expands to win back (or recapture) customer? s goodwill once it has been lost due to service failure (Donaldson and O? Toole, 2007, p. 146). Vodafone Group has not implemented it from the standpoint of a customer-centric dimension yet. IV. Building competitive advantages 4. 1 Top Line Improvements Vodafone Group has definitely had better understanding of the strategic values of IT to gain and maintain competitive advantages from the viewpoint o f both top line and bottom line improvements. To improve top line, general telecommunication operators consider IT as sources of innovative and differentiated products and services that they create and launch globally in a timely manner.Vodafone Group has not used the cheaper price than other competitors to attract new customers and retain existing customers to become the largest or the second largest mobile operator in the most markets the Group has ever entered but it has focused on creating and launching new value-added services that entice new customers. Arun Sarin, the former CEO of Vodafone Group stated (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson, 2008, p. 340). We have rededicated ourselves to delighting our customers because we believe this is the foundation for our continued success.We recognize that every customer interaction provides another opportunity to win loyalty and that? s why we continue to raise standards on the quality of customer case in our call centers and our stores and th e quality of our networks. Key to delighting our customers is our ability to deliver superior voice and data services according to differing customer needs. The choice of right IT at right time is necessary to drive current and future returns and intellectual capital that articulate and structure all the stakeholders? alues, and Vodafone Group? s three key strategic IT initiatives have been sources of competitive advantages to improve top line. 4. 1. 1 Agility to adapt the advanced technologies Telecommunication operators? agility to adapt the advanced technologies has a great impact on innovative and differentiated products and services, including the converged services of network data, services data and customer data available to improve customer experience in response to the changing customer needs and market environment.Saxtoft (2008) argued that competitive advantages in the future convergent communications industry will be based on the organizational ability of communications service providers to utilize the specific mix of network data, services data and customer data available to each of the players in the market (p. 71). Vodafone? s ability to adapt new IT continuously ensures that their customers are able to stay connected to the people and the information that are central to their lives – via voice, text, instant messaging, e-mail, music, communities, news, and applications both social and work related – whenever, wherever (Read, 2009, p. 2). Vodafone Group thus created Vodafone 360, Vodafone Vorteil, and Cloud Computing services and the Group in turn can greatly improve customer experience, and eventually gain and maintain its competitive advantages. Along with increasing bandwidth demands and a data dominated traffic mix, the ability to optimize its network capacity according to the differentiated products and services has been essential in improving quality of services for these services. 4 Vodafone launched „Vodafone 360? a s uite of new Internet services for the mobile and PC that gather all of customer? s friends, communities, entertainment and personal favorites. Vodafone 360 encompass a universal contacts address book „Vodafone People? that automatically synchronize all contacts from a customer phone, Facebook, Windows Live Messenger, and Google Talk, and an online content and data management tool. Vodafone 360 brought together many existing Vodafone mobile Internet initiatives under a common and intuitive service umbrella.Vodafone 360 represents the new service standard to take everything back in Vodafone and superimpose proprietary ownership over all service aspects while dispelling the notion that mobile operators are unable to response to the full force of the innovation that Apple iPhone brought to market. This is the first time a mobile operator has created an experience which can compete against the iPhone standard of excellence and superior user interface.Vodafone is now attempting to m ove into the fixed voice and broadband markets and has either acquired fixed Internet Service Providers in some countries or formed partnerships in the other countries where acquisitions are not feasible or not cost efficient. The previously pure mobile operator is now following a total communications strategy which includes mobile (cellular), broadband (fixed) and wireless; it has been offering combined services, with fixed, mobile and broadband services under a single bill (Mavrakis and Saddi, 2009, p. 42). Vodafone Germany launched a new multi-service discount service, „Vodafone Vorteil? for customers who purchase a bundle of fixed and mobile services in 2009. The service offered discounts at maximum EUR 20 a month for various combination of service in Germany in response to market environmental changes that loyalty discounts are coming to the fore as a key competitive advantage in the recent economic recession in Germany. Vodafone Vorteil customers also benefit from a 24 h our, door-to-door mobile phone replacement service and free 24-by-7 customer support hotline, and a 25% new handset discount. Cloud Computing has become popular in the telecommunications industry all over the world.It is a large-scale distributed computing paradigm that is driven by economies of scale, in which a pool of abstracted, virtualized, dynamically-scalable, managed computing power, storage, platforms, and services are delivered on demand to external customers over the Internet, and has become the hottest technology in IT (Jaatun, 2009, p. 559). Vodafone Group announced a strategic partnership with Decho Corporation to deliver a series of „Could Services? for both enterprise and consumer markets. The first service to emerge across the Vodafone Group footprint is the „Vodafone PC Backup? ervice that enables customers to save personal data from the PC to a remotely hosted site. They are able to view and share the data from their account through the web browser of their PC while reducing the need to transfer the data from one device to others. None of Vodafone? s key Tier 1 competitors has launched free PC backup and online storage aggressively with consumer mobile broadband services and Vodafone Group is relatively staking leadership in consumer Cloud Service provision. Emma (2009) argued that A Vodafone-branded PC backup service promises powerful value-added differentiation for the operator? mobile and fixed broadband portfolio across its key European markers by year-end (p. 1). Vodafone Group can continuously maintain its competitive advantages while launching a series of Cloud Services faster than other competitors, in addition to existing PC backup and online storage services. 5 4. 1. 2 Optimizing entire value chains and redefining industry Optimizing entire value chains beyond Vodafone Group and its traditional suppliers, and redefining industry are identified as sources of competitive advantages to create and launch innovative and diff erentiated products and services.The telecommunications industry is confronted with unprecedented challenges in breaking down traditional industry boundaries and redefining industry in response to changing market environment while the Internet companies such as Google, eBay and Yahoo have demonstrated business models that enable third parties to develop new services by combining existing services to increase the value of the traditional and original services. Service providers are no longer limited to the traditional voice and simple data services but are comprised of content, application, and other service providers.To compete against these new service providers, an effective service delivery framework is essential, to deliver and maintain differentiated services beyond traditional boundaries, achieve time to market, and conclude business agreements among all stakeholders. Vodafone Group started implementing Service Delivery Platform (SDP) in 2002 that is an infrastructure for serv ice delivery to be provided for technically enabling business to engage in business transaction (Filipe and Cordeiro, 2009, p. 21) to effectively deliver „Vodafone Live? ervice in a timely manner. Its multimedia portal was marketed extensively in the traditional media. SDP supported application development consistency and a multi-lateral settlements model to enable all stakeholders to add values to deliver the services to get paid. Vodafone Live used a home-built SDP to launch its offering back in 2002, a product that provides an integrated service across handsets, networks, content and services, and also includes video content, music downloads and games (Greene and Hayes, 2007, p. ). Subsequently, Service Delivery Framework (SDF), indeed different from SDP, was defined by TeleManagement Forum (TM Forum). SDF weaves together various Service Delivery Platforms (SDPs, IMS, IPTV, etc) offered by equipment vendors and their allied software vendors to allow uniform management of se rvices, easy to align with each Service Provider business model (TM Forum, 2008, p. 20). Vodafone was the first mobile operator in the UK to offer a portable laptop with built –in broadband in the business sector in 2005.In 2008, the launch of the Dell mobile laptop with integrated mobile broadband moved portable computing into the consumer market. Vodafone? s strategy differs from the other mobile operators in the UK and the operator ensures that the embedded route meets end users? aspirations in both business and consumer market. Vodafone has a deal with Dell whereby the vendor offers customers buying netbooks and notebooks via its website the option to include a 3G HSPA mobile broadband module in their devices, and to be contacted by Vodafone to receive a SIM card and the mobile broadband service (Roberts, Mavrakis and Jesty, 2009, p. 70). Betavine and the Joint Innovation Lab (JIL) are two API initiatives in Vodafone Group. Betavine is a research and development project t o create values around Vodafone? s network. Subsequently, Vodafone Group started the JIL initiative with its partners to use open APIs and widgets to address the commercial environment. Web 2. 0 technologies were considered as the fundamental enabler to broaden service choice for Vodafone? s customers and Vodafone Group decided to create a service innovation website „Betavine? in 2007.Betavine provided Web 2. 0 tools and resources so that developers can use to create innovative mobile services and get 6 feedback from the Betavine developer community. Its main objective was to stimulate the number of applications available for all mobile phones by providing an operator and technology agnostic development environment, and Betavine has clocked up more than 180 applications developed using the site across a range of categories, including games, utilities, mobile health, and recipes (Mendyk, 2009, p. 29).More than 1,000 registered users are collaborating on software development, an d Betavine has enables Vodafone Group to learn much more from its service incubation platform, both about Web 2. 0 technology and its development models, and about the types of mobile application that people want to create and which applications are essential in the current market environment. Vodafone? s product groups are hoping that through the Betavine initiative, they will gain access to „killer? applications that can be turned into massmarket products (Mendyk, 2009, p. 29).Subsequently, Vodafone Group has made a commitment to provide a group wide network API that encourages developers to access Vodafone? s customers. Vodafone enables developers to use its direct billing capabilities to permit customers to pay for services through Vodafone accounts rather than credit card payment (Mottishaw, 2009, p. 52) because a simple payment model has a great impact on customers? choice of services. In 2008, Vodafone, China Mobile, Softbank and Verizon Wireless announced the JIL initi ative to have common APIs and development environment.Vodafone Group launched the „App Store? that encapsulated widgets from JIL that run in any devices and use the operator? s billing mechanisms to charge users directly. The combined customer base of JIL members exposes applications to a potential 1 billion end users, by far the largest addressable market for any application stores in the market today. JIL is working closely with several industry standards bodies, including GSMA, OMTP and W3C, to encourage developers to use network enablers to enrich their applications.JIL has launched a web site to provide the developers with service development kit (SDK) and device API information to develop applications for specific handsets. 4. 1. 3 Group Technology Vodafone Group? s has driven the Group Technology initiatives that have managed and controlled group-wide projects to orchestrate the move toward significant coordination and identify and disseminate best practices to focus on expansion of service capacity while replicating business models across a number of countries and maintaining cost efficiency.Vodafone Group created two central functions, Group Marketing (to drive revenue growth), and Group Technology and Business Integration (to drive cost and scale benefits, and thy purpose of Group Technology will be to lead the implementation of standardized architecture for business process, information technology and network systems (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson, 2008, p. 345). The initiatives have supported the third generation (3G) network rollout, the enhancement and expansion of Vodafone Live service to Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and then UK, and the development of Vodafone Group? business offering on a global basis. Vodafone Group has benefited from the effective and efficient Group Technology initiative. First, Vodafone Group is given more strategic option for marketing and sales of its products and services. Second , the time-to-market becomes shorter by consolidating its development resources and sharing the solutions. Finally, cost reduction arises from avoiding multiple development 7 resources and environments and from consolidating demand according to the collaborative IT solutions fro building IT platforms.Buchta, Eul and Croonenberg (2009) argued that A correspondingly worldwide uniform IT architecture with worldwide uniform business process is the prerequisite, for example, for developing the advantages of a global customer management from uniform coordination and universal organizations – with the lowest possible level of country-specific individuality (p. 73). 4. 2. Bottom Line Improvements On the other hands, Vodafone Group has capitalized on IT capabilities to implement its strategic initiative, „One Vodafone? rogram, which transforms 16 operating companies into a united operation to achieve streamlined cost effective and efficient group. Vodafone Group has embedded IT sharing, outsourcing, and centralization and consolidation strategies in order to achieve the objectives of the program. Radio access network are shared with the other mobile operator, Orange, IT application development and maintenance are outsourced to IT outsourcing vendors, IBM and EDS, and supply chain management function and European data centers are centralized and consolidated to Vodafone Group.One Vodafone program is analyzed in depth in Chapter V. 8 V. Using IT initiatives to transform the operator 5. 1. One Vodafone The „One Vodafone? program was focused on key initiatives to integrate business activities to leverage economies of scale and scope of Vodafone group to transform the Group into a streamlined, cost-effective and efficient organization while standardizing designs and processes, reducing duplication, centralizing and consolidating certain functions and sharing best practices across operating companies.The program was targeted at achieving ? 2. 5 billion of annual pretax operating free cash flow improvements in Vodafone Group? s controlled mobile business by the end of March 2008. Alan Harper, Group Strategy and New Business Director, explained that all our marketing efforts, branding and product development are centralized, technology is standardized, network design (switching, radio) are coordinated, and knowledge is shared via the HQ, HR, strategy, and marketing departments (Hitt, Ireland, and Hoskisson, 2008, p. 42). The program was not just an integration of a few functions and countries but a strategic transformation that Vodafone Group transformed 16 core independent national operating companies which had diverse people and markets into a united operation with a high degree of similarity with regard to product, brand, position, advertising strategy, personality, packaging, and look and feel (McLoughlin and Aaker, 2010, p. 251) in order to achieve significant economies of scale and scope.It was definitely supposed to be one of th e most difficult challenges for Vodafone Group but the transformation strategy has already resulted in significant cost savings as well as innovative market strategies, more competitive and differentiated pricing, and leading product and service offering (Booz Allen, 2006). Vodafone Group predominantly embedded IT sharing, outsourcing, and centralization and consolidation strategies to achieve the objectives of One Vodafone program that transform multiple operating companies around the globe in Vodafone Group into a streamlined, costeffective and efficient organization.Vodafone Group adopted NetCo and ServCo business model in the One Vodafone program. ServCo is mandated to provide services over the telecommunications network on the same terms as other service providers while NetCo is tasked with managing the telecommunications network backbone (Orbicom, 2007, p. 211). Network, IT application development and maintenance, and supply chain and data centers were considered as NetCo that Vodafone Group needed to pursue scalability globally to achieve the lowest unit cost.Sales, marketing and customer management were relatively considered as ServCo that Vodafone Group needed to achieve customer focus locally to improve customer experience and build customer loyalty. As a consequence, Vodafone identified key imperatives in One Vodafone program. Radio access network are shared with Orange globally, and IT application development and maintenance are outsourced to IBM and EDS, and supply chain management function and European data centers are centralized and consolidated to Vodafone Group.On the other hand, sales, marketing and customer management are relatively operated and managed by each local operating company. 9 5. 2. Network Sharing with Orange There are a number of different levels of network sharing deals and the most fundamental scopes involve the use of common sites and towers around the globe. Complete network sharing deals are also popular in some countries and these involve the building of a single network to lease its capacity between two or more licensed mobile operators.Some of network sharing deals involve radio access network that two or more mobile operators jointly deploy and own access network. In the UK, India and some other countries, network sharing deals have been actively encouraged by the government, and independent infrastructure companies have been established by two or more operators. Vodafone and Orange have established their network joint venture in the UK to deploy and own their combined radio network. Their initial scope was limited to 3G network and Vodafone and Orange planed to expand the scope to their 2G network infrastructure as well.Their objective to establish the network sharing joint venture was to gain cost and operational efficiency to deploy new 3G mobile internet access service. The radio access network includes mast, antenna, sites, site support cabinet and power supply as well as antennae, combiners and transmission links, Nodes B (3G), BTS (2G) and the radio network controllers which are linked to the core network, and they are expected to expand their existing network sharing deals to includes the costs of engineering, maintenance, and technology, in a move which is expected to save Vodafone (and Orange presumably) around US$1. 5 billion a year (Cellular-news, 2009). During fiscal year 2009, Vodafone Group announced a number of significant sharing deals in Germany, Spain, Ireland, UK and India. 5. 3. IT Outsourcing to IBM and EDS Outsourcing refers to the use of external organizations to perform some business activities that were previously accomplished in-house and outsourcing is becoming more acceptable and widespread in the telecommunications industry. Telecommunications operators re-evaluate their core business and create added values in a fierce competitive market.The two different activities are identified as non-core business activities that some mobile operators have mainly transferred to outsourcing vendors: (1) IT services including IT infrastructure, desktop and servers, BSS (Business Support Systems), software development and implementation, and deployment of new IT services, and (2) network operations and management including network planning, site acquisition and civil works, installation, network integration, network optimization and upgrade, fault management, performance management, configuration management, OSS (Operations Supp

Louisana Factoids

Louisana Factoids Louisiana state report What is the population of your state? 1. 4,368,967 What is the Capital city of the state? 2. Baton Rouge What are the ten largest cities in the state? 3. Baton Rouge 4. Alexandria 5. Lake Charles 6. Lake Providence 7. Covington 8. Monroe 9. Lafayette 10. Metairai 11. Donaldsonville 12. New Orleans 13. Oakdale How many counties are in the state? 14. 66 What is the largest mountain in the state? 15. Driskill Mountain What is the largest river in the state? 16.Red River What countries, states or bodies of water surround the state? 17. Texas 18. Mississippi 19. Gulf of Mexico 20. Arkansas 21.Who is the Governor of the state? 22. Mike Foster What is the five leading agricultural products? 23. Cotton 24. sugarcane 25. soybeans 26. rice 27. corn Besides agriculture, name the 5 leading industries in the state.28. Manufacturing 29.Elevation sign and registry on top of Driskill Mou...

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